To Have and Have Not - 1944

To Have and Have Not

The First Bogart and Bacall Movie

To Have and Have Not (1944) is a wartime romance-adventure film set in Vichy-controlled Martinique. It stars Humphrey Bogart as Harry "Steve" Morgan, a fishing boat captain who reluctantly aids the French resistance, and Lauren Bacall as Marie "Slim" Browning, a sharp-witted American drifter.

The film is renowned for the sizzling on-screen chemistry between Bogart and Bacall, marking Bacall's dazzling film debut.

Related

Howard Hawks

Humphrey Bogart

Lauren Bacall

Walter Brennan

Dolores Moran

To Have and Have Not – 1944

Summary and Analysis

To Have and Have Not is set during World War II on the island of Martinique, which is under the control of the Vichy government. The story revolves around Harry "Steve" Morgan (Humphrey Bogart), an American expatriate and fishing boat captain. Harry is approached by the Free French resistance to help transport members of the resistance, including a man named Paul de Bursac and his wife, Hélène, to the island.

Initially, Harry is reluctant to get involved in the political conflict, preferring to stay neutral and make a living through fishing charters. However, his perspective changes when he meets Marie "Slim" Browning (Lauren Bacall), a young American wanderer with a sharp wit and a seductive charm. Slim sings in a local bar, and her relationship with Harry quickly becomes the emotional center of the film.

After a client fails to pay Harry for a fishing expedition, leaving him short on cash, he agrees to take on the risky job of transporting the resistance fighters. During this mission, Harry's first mate, Eddie (Walter Brennan), a lovable drunkard, gets involved, adding a layer of camaraderie and loyalty to the story.

The journey is fraught with danger, including encounters with the Vichy authorities and German sympathizers. Throughout the ordeal, Harry and Slim's relationship deepens, showcasing a blend of romance and partnership. Harry's bravery and ingenuity are tested as he navigates the treacherous political landscape to ensure the safety of his passengers and himself.

In the climax, Harry outsmarts the Vichy police and orchestrates a daring escape for the resistance fighters. The film ends with Harry and Slim planning their future together, leaving Martinique for new adventures, symbolizing hope and the triumph of personal integrity over apathy.

To Have and Have Not is a fascinating blend of adventure, romance, and wartime intrigue, directed by Howard Hawks and loosely based on Ernest Hemingway's novel of the same name. The film is noted for its snappy dialogue, strong performances, and the palpable chemistry between its leads, Humphrey Bogart and Lauren Bacall.

Themes:

• Neutrality and Engagement: Harry Morgan's character arc centers around his shift from a neutral, self-interested expatriate to a man who takes a stand against tyranny. This transformation is central to the film's narrative, reflecting broader themes of personal responsibility and the impact of global conflict on individual lives.
• Romance and Partnership: The relationship between Harry and Slim is more than just romantic; it is a partnership based on mutual respect and equality. Their banter and camaraderie reflect a modern view of relationships, which was progressive for its time. Slim is portrayed as a strong, independent woman, matching Harry's toughness and resilience.
• Loyalty and Friendship: The film highlights the importance of loyalty through the character of Eddie, Harry's loyal, albeit flawed, friend. Despite his alcoholism, Eddie's unwavering loyalty to Harry provides a counterpoint to the treachery and moral ambiguity of the world around them.
• Courage and Integrity: Courage is depicted not as a grandiose act but as a series of small, often reluctant, choices that define a person's character. Harry's actions are driven by necessity and a growing sense of what is right, illustrating that heroism can come from everyday decisions.
   

Cinematic Techniques:

• Direction and Script: Howard Hawks' direction is characterized by its focus on character interaction and dialogue. The screenplay, co-written by Jules Furthman and William Faulkner, is sharp and filled with memorable lines, enhancing the chemistry between the characters.
• Cinematography: Sidney Hickox's cinematography captures the tension and exoticism of the Caribbean setting, using shadows and light to enhance the mood. The bar scenes, in particular, are atmospheric, with close-ups that highlight the smoldering looks exchanged between Harry and Slim.
• Music: Franz Waxman's score complements the film's tone, blending suspenseful motifs with more tender, romantic themes. Additionally, the songs performed by Hoagy Carmichael and Lauren Bacall add a unique musical element that enriches the storytelling.
• Performances: The film is perhaps best remembered for the performances of its leads. Bogart's portrayal of Harry is a nuanced mix of toughness and vulnerability, while Bacall's Slim is both alluring and formidable. Their on-screen chemistry is electric, famously epitomized by Bacall's line, "You know how to whistle, don't you, Steve? You just put your lips together and blow."

Conclusion:

To Have and Have Not remains a classic example of wartime cinema, distinguished by its strong performances, engaging narrative, and sophisticated treatment of its themes. It is a film that transcends its adventure genre to explore deeper questions of loyalty, integrity, and human connection amidst the backdrop of global conflict. The film's enduring popularity is a testament to its timeless appeal and the legendary partnership of Bogart and Bacall.

Classic Trailer from "To Have and Have Not":

Full Cast:

·  Humphrey Bogart as Harry 'Steve' Morgan

·  Lauren Bacall as Marie 'Slim' Browning

·  Walter Brennan as Eddie

·  Dolores Moran as Mme. Hélène de Bursac

·  Hoagy Carmichael as Cricket

·  Sheldon Leonard as Lt. Coyo

·  Walter Surovy as Paul de Bursac

·  Marcel Dalio as Gerard, also known as 'Frenchy'

·  Walter Sande as Johnson

·  Dan Seymour as Capt. Renard

·  Aldo Nadi as Quartermaster

·  Paul Marion as M. Beauclere

·  Eugene Borden as Bartender (uncredited)

·  Pat West as Customs Officer (uncredited)

·  Emmett Smith as Gendarme (uncredited)

·  Louis Mercier as Gendarme (uncredited)

·  John Mylong as Gaul (uncredited)

·  Jess Barker as Helene's Brother (uncredited)

Masterful Direction of Howard Hawks:

Howard Hawks, one of Hollywood's most versatile and influential directors, brought a distinct style and sensibility to To Have and Have Not that contributed significantly to the film's success and enduring legacy. His direction is marked by a combination of strong character focus, sharp dialogue, and a seamless blend of genres. Here is a detailed analysis of Hawks' directorial approach in the film:

Character-Driven Storytelling: Hawks is known for his emphasis on character dynamics and relationships, and To Have and Have Not is no exception. The film is less about the political backdrop of World War II and more about the interactions between its central characters. Hawks meticulously develops the chemistry between Harry "Steve" Morgan and Marie "Slim" Browning, played by Humphrey Bogart and Lauren Bacall. Their relationship is the heart of the film, and Hawks captures it with a series of intimate, yet naturalistic scenes that showcase their growing affection and mutual respect.

Realistic and Witty Dialogue: The dialogue in To Have and Have Not is one of its most celebrated aspects, much of which can be attributed to Hawks' direction. Working with screenwriters Jules Furthman and William Faulkner, Hawks ensured the script was filled with witty, sharp, and memorable lines. His ability to draw out natural performances from his actors makes the dialogue sparkle with authenticity and charm. The famous line delivered by Bacall, "You know how to whistle, don't you, Steve? You just put your lips together and blow," epitomizes the film's clever and flirtatious banter.

Blending of Genres: Hawks expertly blends elements of adventure, romance, and drama in To Have and Have Not. This genre-mixing is a hallmark of his style, allowing the film to appeal to a broad audience. While the plot involves wartime intrigue and resistance activities, Hawks keeps the focus on the personal stakes and emotional journeys of the characters, making the story both thrilling and relatable.

Strong Female Characters: Hawks' films often feature strong, independent women, and Marie "Slim" Browning is a prime example. Bacall's character is confident, capable, and plays an equal role in the narrative alongside Bogart's character. Hawks directs her with a modern sensibility, ensuring that Slim is not just a love interest but a fully realized character with her own agency. This progressive portrayal adds depth to the film and distinguishes it from other contemporary works.

Use of Atmosphere and Setting: Hawks effectively uses the setting of Martinique to enhance the film's mood and tension. The exotic locale, combined with the claustrophobic interiors of the hotel and bar, creates a sense of confinement and danger. Hawks' attention to atmospheric detail—whether it’s the smoky bar where Slim sings or the tense boat scenes—immerses the audience in the world of the film.

Pacing and Structure: The pacing of To Have and Have Not is deliberate and well-balanced. Hawks maintains a steady rhythm, allowing for both action-packed sequences and quieter, character-driven moments. This balance keeps the audience engaged throughout the film. Hawks’ structuring of the narrative ensures that each scene builds on the previous one, culminating in a satisfying climax.

Visual Composition: While not known for overly stylized visuals, Hawks' direction in To Have and Have Not is marked by its clarity and effectiveness. He uses close-ups and medium shots to focus on the actors' expressions and interactions, creating an intimate connection with the audience. Hawks' straightforward visual style ensures that the story and characters remain at the forefront, avoiding any unnecessary distractions.

Collaboration with Actors: Hawks had a reputation for fostering strong collaborations with his actors, and this is evident in To Have and Have Not. He created an environment where Bogart and Bacall could thrive, resulting in performances that are both iconic and deeply nuanced. Hawks' ability to elicit such natural and compelling performances from his cast is a testament to his skill as a director.

Conclusion:

Howard Hawks' direction in To Have and Have Not is a masterclass in blending character-driven storytelling with genre elements. His emphasis on strong, realistic dialogue, atmospheric settings, and balanced pacing creates a film that is both engaging and timeless. Hawks' ability to draw out memorable performances and his progressive portrayal of female characters further elevate the film, cementing its status as a classic in American cinema. His direction ensures that To Have and Have Not is not just a wartime adventure but a rich, multifaceted narrative about human connection and resilience.

Commanding Performance of Lauren Bacall:

Lauren Bacall's performance in To Have and Have Not is nothing short of legendary, marking her film debut at the age of 19. Her portrayal of Marie "Slim" Browning is captivating, showcasing a unique blend of sophistication, wit, and vulnerability that instantly set her apart as a rising star in Hollywood. Here is a detailed analysis of Bacall's performance:

Commanding Screen Presence: Bacall's screen presence is one of the most striking aspects of her performance. From her very first scene, she exudes a cool, self-assured demeanor that commands attention. Her poise and confidence make Slim a character who immediately intrigues the audience. Bacall's natural charisma and the way she carries herself on screen contribute significantly to the film's allure.

Distinctive Voice and Delivery: Bacall's deep, husky voice became one of her trademarks and is used to great effect in this film. Her delivery of lines is both sultry and sharp, adding layers of meaning to the dialogue. The famous line, "You know how to whistle, don't you, Steve? You just put your lips together and blow," is delivered with such effortless charm and insinuation that it has become iconic. Bacall's voice, combined with her impeccable timing, enhances the wit and flirtatious nature of her character.

Chemistry with Humphrey Bogart: The on-screen chemistry between Bacall and Humphrey Bogart is electric and is a cornerstone of the film's success. Their interactions are filled with palpable tension and mutual respect. Bacall matches Bogart's seasoned performance with a surprising maturity and poise for a newcomer. The authenticity of their connection is partly due to their off-screen romance, which Hawks cleverly harnesses to create some of the film's most memorable moments.

Nuanced Emotional Range: While Slim is initially presented as a confident and independent woman, Bacall infuses her performance with subtle nuances that reveal deeper layers of her character. Moments of vulnerability, particularly in scenes where Slim expresses her feelings for Harry, show Bacall's ability to convey emotion with restraint and sincerity. Her performance balances toughness with tenderness, making Slim a well-rounded and relatable character.

Physicality and Movement: Bacall's physicality in her role is both elegant and deliberate. Her body language, from the way she leans against a doorframe to the graceful manner in which she moves, enhances the character's allure and sophistication. Bacall's physical presence is confident and controlled, reflecting Slim's self-assurance and adaptability in various situations.

Strong, Independent Characterization: Bacall's portrayal of Slim as a strong, independent woman was progressive for its time. Slim is not merely a damsel in distress but an active participant in the story. Bacall's performance conveys a sense of agency and intelligence, making Slim a character who can hold her own in a world dominated by men. Her quick wit and resourcefulness are highlighted in her interactions with other characters, particularly in the way she navigates the complex dynamics of the wartime setting.

Subtle Humor: Bacall's performance is also marked by her ability to deliver humor with a subtle touch. Her dry wit and playful banter with Bogart add a lightness to the film, balancing the more intense and dramatic moments. Bacall's comedic timing is impeccable, allowing her to deliver lines with a perfect mix of sarcasm and charm.

Evolution Throughout the Film: As the film progresses, Bacall's performance evolves to show Slim's growing attachment to Harry and her deeper involvement in the resistance effort. This development is portrayed with a natural progression, as Bacall gradually reveals more about Slim's motivations and feelings. Her transformation from a detached wanderer to a committed partner is handled with finesse, adding depth to the character and the narrative.

Conclusion:

Lauren Bacall's performance in To Have and Have Not is a remarkable debut that showcases her talent, charisma, and versatility. Her ability to blend confidence with vulnerability, her distinctive voice, and her undeniable chemistry with Humphrey Bogart make her portrayal of Slim unforgettable. Bacall's nuanced and sophisticated performance not only captivated audiences but also set a new standard for female characters in Hollywood. Her work in this film established her as a formidable actress and left an indelible mark on the history of cinema.

Notable Film Lines from the Movie:

Marie "Slim" Browning:

"You know how to whistle, don't you, Steve? You just put your lips together and blow."

Harry "Steve" Morgan:

"It's even better when you help."

Marie "Slim" Browning:

"I'm hard to get, Steve. All you have to do is ask me."

Harry "Steve" Morgan:

"What did you do that for?"

Marie "Slim" Browning: "I've been wondering whether I'd like it."

Harry "Steve" Morgan: "What's the decision?"

Marie "Slim" Browning: "I don't know yet."

Harry "Steve" Morgan:

"Say, was you ever bit by a dead bee?"

Eddie:

"There was a bee, and it was dead, and you was bit by it. That ain't no good."

Marie "Slim" Browning:

"I need you to take me somewhere."

Harry "Steve" Morgan: "Where?"

Marie "Slim" Browning: "Out of here."

Harry "Steve" Morgan:

"Drinking don't bother my memory. If it did, I wouldn't drink."

Recognition for To Have and Have Not:

To Have and Have Not (1944) did not receive any major awards or nominations at the time of its release. Despite its critical and commercial success, it was notably absent from the Academy Awards and other significant film award ceremonies of that era. However, the film's impact on Hollywood and its legacy are considerable, especially in terms of the careers it launched and the iconic status it achieved over time.

While it may not have received formal accolades upon its release, To Have and Have Not is celebrated today as a classic film, particularly for the on-screen chemistry between Humphrey Bogart and Lauren Bacall, and Howard Hawks' masterful direction. The film's lines, scenes, and performances are often highlighted in retrospectives and discussions of classic American cinema.

Classic Scenes from the Movie:

The Whistling Scene

Scene:

• Location: Harry Morgan's hotel room
• Dialogue:

Marie "Slim" Browning: "You know how to whistle, don't you, Steve? You just put your lips together and blow."

Analysis: This scene is perhaps the most famous in the entire film. It's Slim's invitation to Harry that mixes flirtation with confidence. Lauren Bacall's sultry delivery and the chemistry between her and Humphrey Bogart make this moment iconic. It's a perfect example of Hawks' ability to direct scenes that are both understated and intensely charged.

Slim's Song in the Bar

Scene:

• Location: The hotel bar
• Details:

Slim performs "How Little We Know," a song that highlights her seductive charm and showcases Bacall's singing ability.

Analysis: This scene establishes Slim's character as both alluring and enigmatic. Bacall's performance is magnetic, drawing both the attention of Harry and the audience. It also sets the tone for their relationship, characterized by mutual attraction and unspoken understanding.

The First Kiss

Scene:

• Location: Harry's hotel room
• Dialogue:

Marie "Slim" Browning: "What did you do that for?"

Harry "Steve" Morgan: "I've been wondering whether I'd like it."

Marie "Slim" Browning: "What's the decision?"

Harry "Steve" Morgan: "I don't know yet."

Analysis: The dialogue in this scene is playful and teasing, highlighting the developing romantic tension between Harry and Slim. It's a moment of vulnerability and connection, showing a softer side to both characters. The scene is expertly crafted, balancing intimacy and flirtation with a sense of discovery.

"Was You Ever Bit by a Dead Bee?"

Scene:

• Location: Various locations including the bar and the hotel
• Dialogue:

Eddie: "Say, was you ever bit by a dead bee?"

Harry "Steve" Morgan: "You're a funny guy, Eddie."

Eddie: "There was a bee, and it was dead, and you was bit by it. That ain't no good."

Analysis: This recurring question from Eddie adds a touch of humor and eccentricity to the film. It serves to develop Eddie's character and his relationship with Harry. The question, though seemingly nonsensical, underscores the unique bond and loyalty between them.

The Resistance Mission

Scene:

• Location: On Harry's boat and at various points during the mission
• Details:

Harry decides to help the Free French resistance, taking on a dangerous mission to transport resistance members.

Analysis: These scenes add suspense and action to the film, showcasing Harry's transformation from a neutral party to someone actively involved in the resistance. The tension is palpable as they navigate through dangerous waters, and the stakes are high. Hawks directs these sequences with a sense of urgency and danger, keeping the audience engaged.

The Final Scene

Scene:

• Location: The hotel bar
• Details:

Harry and Slim plan their future together, leaving Martinique for new adventures.

Analysis: The final scene is a hopeful and satisfying conclusion to the film. It emphasizes the partnership between Harry and Slim, hinting at their future together. The ending encapsulates the themes of loyalty, courage, and the triumph of personal integrity over apathy.

Conclusion:

These classic scenes from To Have and Have Not demonstrate Howard Hawks' skill in balancing romance, humor, and suspense. Lauren Bacall's performance, in particular, is highlighted in these moments, showcasing her charisma and chemistry with Humphrey Bogart. The film remains a timeless classic, remembered for its iconic dialogue, memorable characters, and expertly crafted scenes.